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16 terms

Glossary

Short, sourced definitions of the terms behind our calculators and guides, each with the formula and a worked example.

A

Health & fitnessAcceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) gives the share of daily calories from carbohydrate, fat and protein linked to adequate nutrients and lower chronic disease risk.Money & investingAnnual Percentage Rate (APR)Annual percentage rate (APR) is the cost of credit expressed as a yearly rate; for many loans it combines the interest rate with certain fees charged when the loan is made.Money & investingAnnual Percentage Yield (APY)Annual percentage yield (APY) is the total interest a deposit account pays over a 365-day period, expressed as a percentage that includes the effect of compounding.

B

Health & fitnessBasal Metabolic Rate (BMR)Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy the body uses at complete physical, mental and digestive rest; it is the largest part of daily calorie needs and is usually estimated by formula.

C

Money & investingCompound InterestCompound interest is interest calculated on both the original principal and the interest already added to it, so the balance grows faster than it would with simple interest.

D

Money & investingDebt-to-Income Ratio (DTI)Debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is the share of gross monthly income that goes to monthly debt payments; lenders use it to judge whether a borrower can afford another loan.

G

MathGreatest Common Factor (GCF)The greatest common factor (GCF) of two or more positive integers is the largest whole number that divides each of them with no remainder; it is also called the GCD or HCF.

H

Images & PDFsHEICHEIC is the file format and .heic extension for images stored in the High Efficiency Image File Format (HEIF) and compressed with HEVC; iPhones use it for photos in the High Efficiency camera setting.

L

MathLeast Common Multiple (LCM)The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more positive integers is the smallest positive number that each of them divides into evenly; it gives the lowest common denominator.

M

Health & fitnessMifflin-St Jeor EquationThe Mifflin-St Jeor equation is a 1990 formula that estimates resting energy expenditure in calories per day from weight, height, age and sex; it is widely used to estimate BMR.Money & investingModified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI)Modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is adjusted gross income with certain deductions and exclusions added back; the IRS uses it to test eligibility for Roth IRAs, credits and deductions.

R

Money & investingRequired Minimum Distribution (RMD)A required minimum distribution (RMD) is the minimum amount the IRS requires you to withdraw each year from most tax-deferred retirement accounts once you reach RMD age, currently 73.

S

MathStandard DeviationStandard deviation is a measure of spread equal to the square root of the variance; it shows how far values typically fall from the mean, in the same units as the data.

T

Health & fitnessTotal Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is the total calories the body burns in a day, combining resting metabolism, the thermic effect of food and all physical activity.

V

MathVarianceVariance is a measure of spread equal to the average squared distance of values from their mean; its square root is the standard deviation, and it is expressed in squared units.

W

School & gradesWeighted GPAA weighted GPA is a grade point average that awards extra points for harder courses such as honors, AP or IB, so an A in an advanced class can count for more than 4.0.